Author: Jared Heller

The Roman Sewer System

The Roman Sewer System

The object I have taken my selfie with may appear to be a mere drain cover, but it in fact is the sewer and intricate plumbing system beneath that holds Roman influence. While obviously not an actual sewer system from ancient Rome, the modern system takes much influence from the ingenious Roman aqueducts and waste flushing mechanisms that kept the city clean. While the Haverford sewer system most likely began to take shape in the 1800s, the Romans were laying concrete and lead pipes through their magnificent city in about 200 BC. The sewer cover I took my picture with was made in India, but the majority of the piping and concrete needed to create the vast underground channels for waste in the US are made in the USA. In Rome, the first sewers were created by the Etruscans in 500 BC and were largely expanded upon over time. In support of the use of the budding sewer system, Roman law was passed that protected innocent bystanders from assault by wastes thrown into the street. Convenient and effective, the Roman sewers started to begin being directly connected to homes in about 100 AD. The Romans also created elevated aqueducts to control the water flower through their system, as well as where higher and lower quality water could be directed to. Strabo, a Greek author who lived from about 60 BC to AD 24, said about the sewer system: “The sewers, covered with a vault of tightly fitted stones, have room in some places for hay wagons to drive through them. And the quantity of water brought into the city by aqueducts is so great that rivers, as it were, flow through the city and the sewers; almost every house has water tanks, service pipes, and plentiful streams of water.” The sewer system in ancient Rome was a subterranean wonder of the world, an impressive feat of engineering that displayed the Romans’ commitment to cleanliness as well as showcasing the luxuries they could afford. Our modern system was heavily influenced by the Romans’ work, and we have them to thank for literally and figuratively paving the way.

Revenge, Love, and Firey Ash: The Story of Pompeii

Revenge, Love, and Firey Ash: The Story of Pompeii

Paul W. S. Anderson’s Pompeii begins with a Celtic rebellion in Great Britain which was quickly put down by the Roman Legions. Only one person survives, a little boy who wanders through the woods after seeing his family killed until he is enslaved. He emerges 17 years later in London as a feared gladiator. Known as the Celt, he emerges into the ring and kills 5 fearsome gladiators, while starting the match unarmed. The Celt is transported to Pompeii and on the way meets a nobleman’s daughter when he is tasked with putting her injured horse out of its misery. He displays his fighting skills among the rest of the gladiators when they attempt to kill him while he is eating a meal. The Celt refuses to reveal his name and is told he will be fighting the best gladiator in Pompeii. In the meanwhile, a Roman senator has come to express interest in investing in the city while also attempting to gather the nobleman’s daughter in marriage. The Celt realizes that the Roman senator was the one who killed his entire village and all his family. At a party celebrating investment in Pompeii’s future, the celt and the nobleman’s daughter run away on a horse after it gets startled by an earthquake. They are caught and the Celt is punished with 15 lashes but is also sanctioned to a new role in the gladiator festivities where he is supposed to die. However, he rises to the occasion and wins, breaking the Roman flag in half in the process. The senator is infuriated and orders the Celt killed but the volcano erupts which causes an earthquake and the colosseum falls apart, allowing the Celt to escape. The Senator also imprisons Cassia, the nobleman’s daughter, and kills her parents. The Celt frees her as fiery ash from the volcano rains down on the city. The city starts to flood from a tsunami and much of the city begins to fall into disarray. The senator recaptures Cassia and escapes on a chariot as the Celt gives chase on a horse. The Celt defeats the Senator in combat and locks him to a chariot to be consumed by the explosion. The Celt and Cassia ride away but the horse throws them off and they kiss before being engulfed in flames and memorialized in ash.

I felt that Pompeii, although cheesy, provided a great historical look at the city of Pompeii, the corruption of Roman Senators, and what it may have been like to experience being consumed by an exploding volcano. Pompeii uses a historical Roman conquest to fuel a love and revenge story, keeping the viewer on their toes while simultaneously giving a semi-historical representation. Perhaps it is the lack of knowledge from personal testimony that allows a director’s imagination to run wild on what the city was like that fateful day.

A Transcendence of Roman Class Structure: Gladiator

A Transcendence of Roman Class Structure: Gladiator

In Director Ridley Scott’s blockbuster movie, Gladiator, he chronicles fabled and fictional Roman General Maximus’s journey as a gladiator while also displaying many prominent aspects of the Roman government, social structure, and culture. After Maximus conquers the last of the rebellious Germanic tribes, he is greeted with great admiration by the Roman Emperor, Marcus Aurelius. Impressed by his general and in an aging state, Marcus Aurelius appoints Maximus as his successor over his own son, Commodus. Shown to be entitled and incompetent, Commodus is infuriated with this decision by his father, committing patricide in his rage and sending Marcus Aurelius to be executed. Marcus Aurelius heroically escapes his captors and heads to save his family in Spain but he is too late, finding them murdered by Praetorians. Maximus passes out and is enslaved by Proximo, a former gladiator who now buys and sells the fighters. Maximus soon emerges as his best fighter, winning over the local area’s fans and cementing himself as the man to beat. Proximo decides to bring his gladiator caravan to Rome, where they will have the opportunity to earn their freedom, as he did when he was granted it by Marcus Aurelius Their first competition is a reenactment of one of the battles of Carthage. They’re supposed to play the role of the losers, but end up destroying their competition under Maximus’s leadership. Commodus, who is at the games, is very impressed and goes down to meet the mysterious gladiator and then learns it is Maximus who he thought was dead. He can’t kill Maximus because he is a favorite of the crowd, so he sets him up for more and more challenging battles, hoping he will be killed. Maximus has pledged his revenge and works with Cicero and Commodus’s sister to round up a group to overthrow the evil emperor but this plot is thwarted by Commodus. Many of Maximus’s friends are killed or taken away, such as Proximo, Cicero, and Gracchus, and Maximus himself is recaptured while trying to escape. Commodus confronts Maximus and challenges him to a duel, but not before stabbing him so the odds are in his favor. Maximus eventually kills Commodus but also dies himself and the credits roll.

While the film mixes fact with fiction, it provides an interesting take on real events that occurred in the Roman empire. The viewer learns about culture and sport, as well as treachery in Roman bureaucracy while also following along with an animated storyline. The film leaves the viewer satisfied that justice has prevailed, while also leaving them wanting to learn more about Ancient Rome.

css.php